翻訳と辞書 Words near each other ・ Voluntary Health Services ・ Voluntary Human Extinction Movement ・ Voluntary intoxication in English law ・ Voluntary manslaughter ・ Voluntary Marine Conservation Area ・ Voluntary Medical Service Medal ・ Voluntary observing ship program ・ Volume contraction ・ Volume control ・ Volume corrector ・ Volume CT ・ Volume Dois ・ Volume Eight ・ Volume element ・ Volume entropy ・ Volume expander ・ Volume expansion ・ Volume Five ・ Volume form ・ Volume fraction ・ Volume hologram ・ Volume I (Queensberry album) ・ Volume II (Kamchatka album) ・ Volume III (Kamchatka album) ・ Volume III (song) ・ Volume index ・ Volume integral ・ Volume license key ・ Volume Logic ・ Volume Magazine Dictionary Lists mini英和辞書 mini和英辞書 Webster 1913 Latin-English FOLDOC Wikipedia English ウィキペディア

翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Volume expander ： ウィキペディア英語版 Volume expander A volume expander is a type of intravenous therapy that has the function of providing volume for the circulatory system. It may be used for fluid replacement. ==Physiology== When blood is lost, the greatest immediate need is to stop further blood loss. The second greatest need is replacing the lost volume. This way remaining red blood cells can still oxygenate body tissue. Normal human blood has a significant excess oxygen transport capability, only used in cases of great physical exertion. Provided blood volume is maintained by volume expanders, a rested patient can safely tolerate very low haemoglobin levels, less than 1/3 that of a healthy person. The body automatically detects the lower haemoglobin level, and compensatory mechanisms start up. The heart pumps more blood with each beat. Since the lost blood was replaced with a suitable fluid, the now diluted blood flows more easily, even in the small vessels. As a result of chemical changes, more oxygen is released to the tissues. These adaptations are so effective that if only half of the red blood cells remain, oxygen delivery may still be about 75 percent of normal. A patient at rest uses only 25 percent of the oxygen available in his blood. In extreme cases, patients have survived with a haemoglobin level of 2 g/dl, about 1/7 the norm, although levels this low are very dangerous. With enough blood loss, ultimately red blood cell levels drop too low for adequate tissue oxygenation, even if volume expanders maintain circulatory volume. In these situations, the only alternatives are blood transfusions, packed red blood cells, or oxygen therapeutics (if available). However in some circumstances, hyperbaric oxygen therapy can maintain adequate tissue oxygenation even if red blood cell levels are below normal life-sustaining levels. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Volume expander」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.